Basics of computing
Hexadecimal
Colors
Image
Portable PixMap (1988-)
Examples
Charsets and encodings
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange (1967)
printable
complete
Code Pages
IBM PC cp437
Icelandic cp861, Denmark/Norway cp865, Greek cp737 Windows-1252
Central European cp852, KOI8-R
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (1964)
APL: A Programming Language - EBCDIC CodePage 293 (1966)
PETSCII - PET Standard Code of Information Interchange / CBM ASCII (1977-)
File formats
Containers:
IFF: EA Interchange File Format (1985)
RIFF: Resource Interchange File Format (1991)
CFBF/CDFv2: Compound file binary format / Composite Document file v2 (DOCFILE / D0CF11E) (1997-2004)
EBML: Extensible Binary Meta Language (2002)
ISOBMFF: ISO Base Media File Format (2004?)
Executables
ELF - Executable and linkable format
Microsoft
Com (Dos [transient] commands)
Exe - MZ executable [DOS] (1981-)
EXE (PE Dos Stub)
Pif - Program information File (Windows 1-, 1985-)
NE - New Executable (Windows 1-2000, 1985-2000)
LE - Linear Executable (DOS, 1992)
PE - Portable executable (Windows NT 3.1-, 1993-)
Apple
Rsrc - Resource fork (Mac System 1-, 1984)
Pef - Preferred Executable Format (Mac System 7-9 , 1991-1999)
Macho - Mach Object (NeXTSTEP, MacOS, iOS)
(Little 32b)
(Little 64b)
(Big 32b PowerPC)
(Big 64b PowerPC)
Fat/Universal Mach-o
Others
Class - Java / JVM (1994)
DEX - Dalvik Executable [Android] (2008?)
Swf - ShockWave Flash / Small web file (1995?)
Dol - Nintendo Dolphin (Gamecube, Wii, 2001-2017)
executable
complete header
NRO - NX (Nintendo Switch) Relocatable Object
OFF - OS/360 Object File format [EBCDIC] (1966?)
Tos - GEMDOS Program format [Atari ST] (1985)
Hunk - Amiga Hunk [Commodore AmigaOS] (1985)
TE - Terse Executable [UEFI] (2017?)
Wasm - WebAssembly (2017)
Images
Png - Portable Network graphics (1996)
Jpeg (JFIF) - Joint Photographic Experts Group - File Interchange Format (1992)
Dicom - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (1985)
Psd - PhotoShop Document (1990)
Xbm - X BitMap (X11 1989)
Netpbm (1988)
Pgm - Portable Graymap
Ppm - Portable Pixmap
[I]Lbm - Interleaved Bitmap [IFF] (1985)
BMP - Bitmap [Windows 2 (1987)]
v1
v3 (1991)
v5 (1998)
Gif - Graphics Interchange Format (1987)
v89, with a comment
TIFF - Tag Image File Format (1986)
little endian
big endian
PCX - Zsoft Picture exchange [DOS] (1982)
16 colors
256 colors
TGA/TARGA - TrueVision [Advanced Raster] Graphics Adapter (1984)
ICO - Windows icon (1985)
w/ BMP (1995?)
w/ PNG (2006)
Pif - Portable Image Format (2022)
Qoi - Quite Ok Image (2021)
1ba - 1-bit animation (2023)
Videos
Mp4 [ISOBMFF] (2001)
Mkv - Matroska video [EBML] (2002)
Y4M - Yuv4mpeg (2001)
(mono)
(yuv)
Archives
Gzip - GNU zip (1992)
Ar - Archive (1971)
Tar - Tape archive (1979)
Copy [files] In & out [of archives] (1977)
binary
ASCII
Zip - PkZip (1989)
Lzma - Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain algorithm (1998)
with End of Stream marker
7zip (1999)
Xz (2009)
Cab - Microsoft Cabinet File (Mscf) (1995?)
Rpm - Redhat/RPM Package Manager (1997)
Rar - Roschal Archive (1993)
v1.4
v4 (1996)
v5 (2013)
Arj - Archived by Robert Jung (1991?)
bz2 - Bzip2 (1996)
Wad - Where's all the data? (1993)
(structure)
(in Doom)
Zstd - Zstandard (2015)
w/ Skippable frame
LZ4 (2011)
Documents
Eps - Encapsulated PostScript (1987)
Pdf - Portable document format (1992)
RTF - Rich text format (1987)
Microsoft Office
Msi - Microsoft Installer [CFB]
Docm - WordML/WordProcessingML (Microsoft Office XML format) - XML (2002
ActiveMime - MSO XML Bindata
Docx - Doc XML (Office Open XML) - ZIP+XMLs (2006)
Multiplan - Excel:
Sylk - Symbolic link - Multiplan 1 (1984-), Excel 1 (1986-)
Biff - Binary Interchange File Format
v2: v2, 1989 (raw)
v8: 97-2003, 1998-2004 [CFB]
CHM - Compiled HTML help - Info-Tech Storage Format (1997)
One - One Note (2014-)
Wmf - Windows Metafile Format (1992)
with Placeable header
Emf - Enhanced Metafile Format (1993)
Sound
8svx - 8-bit sample voice [Amiga][Iff] (1985)
AIFF - Audio interchange file format [Apple][Iff] (1988)
AIFC / AIFF-C - Compressed (1991)
Wav - Waveform [Riff] (1991)
Rmi - Riff Midi [Riff]
Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Metadata
IPTC IIM / International Press Telecommunications Council - Information Interchange Model (1991)
Exif - Exchangeable Image File Format (1995)
XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform (2001)
Others
Mbr+DPT - Master Boot Record with Disk Partitions Table (1983)
Lnk - Shell link [Windows] (1995?)
Cdix - ClangD Index [Riff] (2018)
Hex records - Intel[lec] Hexadecimal object (1973)
Uf2 - USB Flashing format (2016)
Opcodes:
101
Dissection with more descriptions, and explanations (my initial style of binary posters).
source Inkscape SVGs and PoC with their sources are included
Others
Structures
A layout of the various format's structures
Opcodes' tables
Available in compact
or 'with descriptions' formats
Cryptography
Jneavat! N qnatrebhf pelcgbtencuvp bowrpg vf urnqvat lbhe jnl....
Comments