图示技术

README.md

Basics of computing

Hexadecimal

Colors

Image

• Portable PixMap (1988-)

  • Examples

  • 
    
  • 
    

Charsets and encodings

• ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange (1967)
  

  • printable

  • complete

• Code Pages
  

  • IBM PC cp437

  • Icelandic cp861, Denmark/Norway cp865, Greek cp737 Windows-1252

  • Central European cp852, KOI8-R

• EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (1964)

• APL: A Programming Language - EBCDIC CodePage 293 (1966)

• PETSCII - PET Standard Code of Information Interchange / CBM ASCII (1977-)

File formats

Containers:

• IFF: EA Interchange File Format (1985)

• RIFF: Resource Interchange File Format (1991)

• CFBF/CDFv2: Compound file binary format / Composite Document file v2 (DOCFILE / D0CF11E) (1997-2004)

• EBML: Extensible Binary Meta Language (2002)

• ISOBMFF: ISO Base Media File Format (2004?)

Executables

• ELF - Executable and linkable format

Microsoft

• Com (Dos [transient] commands)

• Exe - MZ executable [DOS] (1981-)
  

  • 
    

  • EXE (PE Dos Stub)

• Pif - Program information File (Windows 1-, 1985-)

• NE - New Executable (Windows 1-2000, 1985-2000)

• LE - Linear Executable (DOS, 1992)

• PE - Portable executable (Windows NT 3.1-, 1993-)

Apple

• Rsrc - Resource fork (Mac System 1-, 1984)

• Pef - Preferred Executable Format (Mac System 7-9 , 1991-1999)

• Macho - Mach Object (NeXTSTEP, MacOS, iOS)
  

  • (Little 32b)

  • (Little 64b)

  • (Big 32b PowerPC)

  • (Big 64b PowerPC)

• Fat/Universal Mach-o

Others

• Class - Java / JVM (1994)

• DEX - Dalvik Executable [Android] (2008?)

• Swf - ShockWave Flash / Small web file (1995?)

• Dol - Nintendo Dolphin (Gamecube, Wii, 2001-2017)
  

  • executable

  • complete header

• NRO - NX (Nintendo Switch) Relocatable Object

• OFF - OS/360 Object File format [EBCDIC] (1966?)

• Tos - GEMDOS Program format [Atari ST] (1985)

• Hunk - Amiga Hunk [Commodore AmigaOS] (1985)

• TE - Terse Executable [UEFI] (2017?)

• Wasm - WebAssembly (2017)

Images

• Png - Portable Network graphics (1996)

• Jpeg (JFIF) - Joint Photographic Experts Group - File Interchange Format (1992)

• Dicom - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (1985)

• Psd - PhotoShop Document (1990)

• Xbm - X BitMap (X11 1989)

• Netpbm (1988)
  

  • Pgm - Portable Graymap

  • Ppm - Portable Pixmap

• [I]Lbm - Interleaved Bitmap [IFF] (1985)

• BMP - Bitmap [Windows 2 (1987)]
  

  • v1

  • v3 (1991)

  • v5 (1998)

Gif - Graphics Interchange Format (1987)

• 
  

• v89, with a comment

• TIFF - Tag Image File Format (1986)
  

  • little endian

  • big endian

• PCX - Zsoft Picture exchange [DOS] (1982)
  

  • 16 colors

  • 256 colors

• TGA/TARGA - TrueVision [Advanced Raster] Graphics Adapter (1984)

• ICO - Windows icon (1985)
  

  • w/ BMP (1995?)

  • w/ PNG (2006)

• Pif - Portable Image Format (2022)

• Qoi - Quite Ok Image (2021)

• 1ba - 1-bit animation (2023)

Videos

• Mp4 [ISOBMFF] (2001)

• Mkv - Matroska video [EBML] (2002)

• Y4M - Yuv4mpeg (2001)
  

  • (mono)

  • (yuv)

Archives

• Zlib/Deflate/Zip/GZIP?

• Gzip - GNU zip (1992)

• Ar - Archive (1971)

• Tar - Tape archive (1979)

• Copy [files] In & out [of archives] (1977)
  

  • binary

  • ASCII

• Zip - PkZip (1989)

• Lzma - Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain algorithm (1998)
  

  • 
    

  • with End of Stream marker

• 7zip (1999)

• Xz (2009)

• Cab - Microsoft Cabinet File (Mscf) (1995?)

• Rpm - Redhat/RPM Package Manager (1997)

• Rar - Roschal Archive (1993)
  

  • v1.4

  • v4 (1996)

  • v5 (2013)

• Arj - Archived by Robert Jung (1991?)

• bz2 - Bzip2 (1996)

Wad - Where's all the data? (1993)

• (structure)

• (in Doom)

• Zstd - Zstandard (2015)
  

  • 
    

  • w/ Skippable frame

• LZ4 (2011)

Documents

• Eps - Encapsulated PostScript (1987)

• Pdf - Portable document format (1992)

• RTF - Rich text format (1987)

• Microsoft Office
  

  • Msi - Microsoft Installer [CFB]

  • Docm - WordML/WordProcessingML (Microsoft Office XML format) - XML (2002

  • ActiveMime - MSO XML Bindata

  • Docx - Doc XML (Office Open XML) - ZIP+XMLs (2006)

Multiplan - Excel:

• Sylk - Symbolic link - Multiplan 1 (1984-), Excel 1 (1986-)

• Biff - Binary Interchange File Format
  

  • v2: v2, 1989 (raw)

  • v8: 97-2003, 1998-2004 [CFB]

• CHM - Compiled HTML help - Info-Tech Storage Format (1997)

• One - One Note (2014-)

• Wmf - Windows Metafile Format (1992)
  

  • 
    

  • with Placeable header

• Emf - Enhanced Metafile Format (1993)

Sound

• 8svx - 8-bit sample voice [Amiga][Iff] (1985)

• AIFF - Audio interchange file format [Apple][Iff] (1988)
  

  • 
    

  • AIFC / AIFF-C - Compressed (1991)

• Wav - Waveform [Riff] (1991)

• Rmi - Riff Midi [Riff]

• Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Metadata

• IPTC IIM / International Press Telecommunications Council - Information Interchange Model (1991)

• Exif - Exchangeable Image File Format (1995)

• XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform (2001)

Others

• Mbr+DPT - Master Boot Record with Disk Partitions Table (1983)

• Lnk - Shell link [Windows] (1995?)

• Cdix - ClangD Index [Riff] (2018)

• Hex records - Intel[lec] Hexadecimal object (1973)

• Uf2 - USB Flashing format (2016)

Opcodes:

• 
  
• 
  

101

Dissection with more descriptions, and explanations (my initial style of binary posters).

source Inkscape SVGs and PoC with their sources are included

PE 101

Others

Structures

A layout of the various format's structures

Opcodes' tables

Available in compact

or 'with descriptions' formats

Cryptography

Jneavat! N qnatrebhf pelcgbtencuvp bowrpg vf urnqvat lbhe jnl....